Currently, the fleet of ocean chemical tankers totals 506 vessels with a total deadweight of 10.2 million tons, but the total tonnage of vessels engaged in the transportation of liquid chemical cargoes (43 million tons are transported annually by sea) is only 9.5 million tons. In the future, however, a greater balance of supply and demand is expected along with a significant increase in freight rates.


The development of the chemical tanker fleet has slowed down somewhat recently due to stricter safety and environmental requirements and reduced investments in the construction of new vessels. The withdrawal of obsolete vessels from the fleet also contributed to a reduction in tonnage supplies.


In the 90s, it is expected that the volume of transportation will grow steadily by an average of 6% per year, which will lead to a fairly significant increase in freight rates.


There are 260-280 different types of cargo transported by tankers and chemical carriers, only 25-30 types make up more than 80% of the total volume. The total volume of chemical cargo transported is currently more than 74 million tons, but 32 million tons are transported within certain regions: the European continent, the Gulf of Mexico, the Caribbean and Southeast Asia.


Chemical tankers are versatile vessels. So, a tanker after transporting molasses may well be used to transport chemicals. Nevertheless, most ships specialize in delivering the same type of cargo or cargo with identical properties.


Organic chemicals, which make up 37% of all types of chemical bulk cargoes, are divided into the following groups: hydrocarbon compounds (27% of all organic cargoes), alcohols (34%), organic acids (20%), organic nitrogen compounds (10%) and other substances such as esters and acetone.


These types of goods are mainly transported between OECD countries or between OECD countries and newly industrialized countries. The share of transatlantic and Pacific routes is 25% and 32%, respectively.


Inorganic chemicals account for 19% of all chemical cargoes, with 95% of shipments of phosphoric and sulfuric acids and caustic soda within this group. These cheap types of cargo mainly gravitate to destinations from the United States and North Africa to Eastern Europe and South Asia, however, caustic soda used in aluminum oxide purification plants is transported to the Caribbean and Australia.


Various edible oils and fats, divided into animal and vegetable, account for about 23% of the total volume of chemicals transported by sea. The main export areas of these types of goods are the USA and South America (soybean oil), Malaysia (palm oil) and Argentina (sunflower oil). This group of edible oils is a convenient type of return cargo for ships designed to transport organic chemicals.


The goods transported in smaller quantities include fuel additives that require special transportation conditions, as well as molasses, beer, wines, alcohols and mineral oils. An analysis of the development of the global economy makes it possible to assume an increase in the transportation of these goods until 1992. The stable balance between supply and demand, which characterizes the current state of transportation of bulk chemical cargoes, is likely to remain unchanged. The term 1xbet bonus code is often used interchangeably with promo code. It refers to the code that activates the welcome bonus—a 100% match on your first deposit. Whether it’s called a promo code or a bonus code, its function remains the same: to grant you this valuable initial offer upon your registration.